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Binary: Debunking the Sex Spectrum Myth Paperback – August 18, 2023
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By analyzing its ten most popular arguments, Zachary Elliott reveals how the tenets of the sex spectrum deny evolution, development, and genetics. Using the primary biology literature, the book provides the reader with a comprehensive scientific understanding of how the two sexes are universal phenomena and how complex genetic networks consistently result in a simple yet profound outcome: male or female.
Zachary Elliott is the founder of the Paradox Institute, a research group that specializes in teaching the biology of sex and sex differences to the public. Zach has been researching, reading, and writing about sex differences since 2017 and has written two other books on the subject—Sex Differences: A Land of Confusion and The Gender Paradox: Discrimination and Disparities in the Postmodern Era. He is also a writer and producer of more than twenty animated videos on the biology of sex, using his expertise in motion graphics and design to effectively communicate biological concepts.
- Print length213 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- Publication dateAugust 18, 2023
- Dimensions6 x 0.54 x 9 inches
- ISBN-13979-8988707806
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Product details
- ASIN : B0CFZL3HXN
- Publisher : Paradox Press
- Publication date : August 18, 2023
- Language : English
- Print length : 213 pages
- ISBN-13 : 979-8988707806
- Item Weight : 13.6 ounces
- Dimensions : 6 x 0.54 x 9 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #401,955 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #39 in Developmental Biology (Books)
- #437 in Anatomy (Books)
- #854 in Popular Culture in Social Sciences
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Zachary A. Elliott is the founder of the Paradox Institute, a research group that specializes in teaching the biology of sex and sex differences to the public. Zach has been researching, reading, and writing about sex differences since 2017 and has written two other books on the subject—Sex Differences: A Land of Confusion and The Gender Paradox: Discrimination and Disparities in the Postmodern Era. He is also a writer and producer of more than twenty animated videos on the biology of sex, using his expertise in motion graphics and design to effectively communicate biological concepts.
Customer reviews
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- Reviewed in the United States on February 18, 2025A must read for anyone wanting to know the truth about human sex determination and differentiation. Clearly shows sex is binary. Man/male or woman/female. No in between. Determined at conception and unchanging.
- Reviewed in the United States on November 20, 2023An excellent book that clearly describes what sex is, how sex is defined and how sex has evolved over more than a billion years. The author uses numerous examples to show why sex is binary rather than spectral, and brilliantly demonstrates the weaknesses and shortcomings of sex spectrum myth. The reader does not need to have a strong biological background or expertise, but the examples are written in such a way that they can be understood by the layperson. A timely book that every teacher and parent should read because it provides science and research-based information on sex and why sex is binary.
- Reviewed in the United States on October 16, 2023Sex is binary. That is a simple evolutionary fact, notwithstanding the multi-faceted complex various ways in which species produce that binary. Keeping ourselves rooted in that reality is essential if we're to further our understanding of the human animal, or any sexually dimorphic species. This book debunks much of the modern noise from those wanting to destroy that reality, and replace it with an egocentric self-perception model.
- Reviewed in the United States on April 5, 2024Makes one able to not fall for the silly distractions of changing basic biology ( the emperor has no clothes!)
- Reviewed in the United States on October 5, 2023I was able to gain a new perspective on why biology matters! Definitely using this for research in the future.
- Reviewed in the United States on April 24, 2025Fully cited, well researched, clearly argued, and controversial to anyone who is afraid of the simple truth that sex is binary.
- Reviewed in the United States on April 24, 2025This book is self-published under the name Paradox Press, a label that appears to function more as a branding tool of the author's creation than a legitimate publishing house. The author, Zachary Elliott, is not a biologist or medical professional—in fact, he is a student of architecture—with no formal academic background in biology or related disciplines. Despite this, he positions himself as a voice of authority on complex scientific topics. Neither he nor the so-called “Paradox Institute”—which is little more than a website—hold any recognized credentials or affiliations that would support the authoritative tone taken throughout the book.
Elliott is known for his social media presence, where he frequently shares anti-transgender viewpoints, and it seems his work has gained traction in certain ideological circles. The popularity of his content appears to stem less from scientific merit and more from the alignment with politically charged rhetoric. This book is part of that pattern: presented as science, but ultimately offering personal interpretations and polemics without peer review, academic sourcing, or oversight.
Despite its technical-sounding language, the book does not meet the standards of scientific literature. It often contradicts well-established biological and medical knowledge, especially around topics of sex development and intersex variation. The writing echoes social media commentary more than serious scholarship, and it fails to engage with the complexity and nuance of the subject matter.
- Reviewed in the United States on April 20, 2025Waste of time garbage book that is clearly more bias than fact
Top reviews from other countries
- R. BeckettReviewed in Canada on September 22, 2023
5.0 out of 5 stars Clarity on the subject of sex.
I recommend this book to anyone, even teenagers, since we are all affected by laws and mores on this topic. Elliot promises to clarify issues surrounding current cultural claims about sex by disentangling the current mix up -partly deliberate on the part of activists- between political, social, and scientific reasoning on the subject of sex\gender. One might still be able to obfuscate what a woman is, but Elliot concisely explains what a female is.
- MReviewed in the United Kingdom on January 2, 2025
5.0 out of 5 stars Well written, clear and systematic explanations of 'Biological Sex'
I did not expect much from a 'biological' book written by a young architect student. I was wrong!!
Although the purpose of the book is basically to counter a number of arguments used by prominent 'spectrum' theorists and as such there is a lot of repetition, the biology of sex is explained in a correct scientific way and in simple words so even those without a biology background can understand it.
The universal biological definition of sex (a reproduction method) is mentioned at the start and gets repeated throughout the book, so that it stays with the reader.
Spectrum theorists do not seem to understand why this definition is there at the first place and we cannot be changing scientific definitions just because some of us do not feel our allocated sex by nature is representative of how we feel about ourselves or because some school biology teachers and textbooks give the wrong impression that chromosomes are the definition of sex.
I have never seen any clear cut biological definition of any other sex denomination other than the existing 'male' or 'female'. Such spectrum grades exist only on our human brains and the way we perceive the world around us and we use expressions like 'gender identity', 'sexuality', 'sexual preference'. These are not biology science terms. Maybe the fast progressing discipline of neuroscience will be able to define them better in the future.
As for biological sex it has been binary for countless millennia in most species including us and it is likely to remain so for countless more until evolution may find another more efficient reproduction method
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itagaki_unluckyReviewed in Japan on September 13, 2023
5.0 out of 5 stars 面白いですよ
一週間以上前に英語で書いたレビューがなかなか掲載されないので、改めて日本語で。
面白かったです!欧米ではびこる疑似科学、性スペクトラム説を完全論破していく本です。
ツイッター上で拡散される有名垢のツイ、ネイチャーの記事などを例に挙げ、丁寧に論破。サイコーの一言ですw
お勧め!
(アマゾン様へ。前回送ったレヴューは破棄で構いません)
itagaki_unlucky面白いですよ
Reviewed in Japan on September 13, 2023
面白かったです!欧米ではびこる疑似科学、性スペクトラム説を完全論破していく本です。
ツイッター上で拡散される有名垢のツイ、ネイチャーの記事などを例に挙げ、丁寧に論破。サイコーの一言ですw
お勧め!
(アマゾン様へ。前回送ったレヴューは破棄で構いません)
Images in this review
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FlauschiReviewed in Germany on October 13, 2023
4.0 out of 5 stars Biologische Fakten gegen Realitätsleugnung
Aktivisten und staatliche Stellen erzählen uns etwas von Geschlechtervielfalt und dass Geschlecht ein Spektrum sei. Die Biologie muss längst als Begründung für Ideologie herhalten. Dabei werden gerne Argumente angeführt wie, dass es ja noch mehr Chromosomen gibt als nur XX und XY oder dass es Vielfalt bei Geschlechtereigenschaften gäbe. Angeblich gäbe es neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse, die die Binarität der Geschlechter widerlegen.
Der Biologe Zachary Elliott klärt in diesem Buch über die biologischen Fakten zum Thema Geschlecht auf. Als Aufhänger nimmt er dafür Youtube-Videos oder Artikel, die teils in renommierten Fachzeitschriften veröffentlicht wurden. Geschlecht ist bei fast allen Spezies binär und es ergibt sich nicht, wie landläufig geglaubt wird, aus den Chromosomen, sondern aus den Gameten (Eizellen, Spermien), von denen es nur zwei gibt. Er erläutert auch für Laien verständlich, was es mit Störungen der Geschlechterentwicklung auf sich hat, also den Krankheitsbildern wie CAIS, Turner-Syndrom etc. und warum sie kein Beweis für Geschlechtervielfalt sind. Interessant ist hierbei vor allem auch eine Einordnung in Zahlen. Der extreme Fokus von Aktivisten und Politikern auf diesem winzigen Promillebereich der Bevölkerung hat seine Motivation sicher nicht in Hilfe für Betroffene, sondern ganz klar in einer politischen Agenda.
Einziger Kritikpunkt meinerseits ist, dass die Infos teilweise etwas repetitiv sind. Ansonsten klare Kaufempfehlung, wenn man als Bio-Laie Bio-Argumente gegen den Trans- und Gender-Irrsinn sucht.
- Public nameReviewed in Canada on October 1, 2023
5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent book
With the Queer Ideology in full swing, claiming the gender is fluid or sex can be changed, Binary comes in with facts, data and science based answers.
Excellent book and worth a read and good for referencing when must talk to people who think there is more than 2 sexes.